SAP BI-ABAP: How to Create Generic Data Sources or Extractors – Based on Table or View

Extractor are used to pull data from source system (like ECC, SRM, CRM) to SAP BW system.

SAP providers standard extractors for most of the application area which are used to bring the Data From the Std. Tables.

In most of the cases, as the customer might have custom application in place in the landscape they do have to save the important business data in custom table (Z* or Y*).

To fetch data from these custom table SAP allow us to create custom extractors/data sources.

Custom Extractors/Data Sources can be created in 3 different ways.

1. Table/View Based Generic Extractors

2. Info Set Queries Based Generic Extractors

3. Function Module Based Generic Extractors

Refer the below view to see the Step-by-Step procedure to create Table/View Based Generic Extractors.

Offset Concept in SAP ABAP

Most of the time in ABAP, we may have to read the part of data of a field (say X) and populate to other field (Say Y). In this case we have to use the offset concept to read the value.

Example:

SY-DATUM is the standard SAP field, which holds the current system date. The format of the date in SY-DATUM field will be YYYYMMDD.

Where,

• YYYY => Year
• MM => Month
• DD => Day

In most of the cases we may have to read the value of month form the SY-SATUM and pass to some variable. Similarly we may have to read the value of year & day.

Below is a simple SAP ABAP program which gives clear picture on how to use offset concept.

======================

REPORT  ZVTEST_PGM_1.

DATA: l_day(2)   TYPE c, " Day
      l_month(2) TYPE c, " Month
      l_year(4)  TYPE c. " Year

*--Print the value of Current System Date (YYYYMMDD)
WRITE:/ 'Current System Date : ' , sy-datum.

*--Use offset concept & populate the Year, Month & Day value to Local valriables

*--Year: Starting form Zeroth Position next 4 characters
l_year = sy-datum+0(4).

*--Month: Starting form fourth Position next 2 characters
l_month = sy-datum+4(2).

*--Day: Starting form sixth Position next 2 characters
l_day = sy-datum+6(2).

*--Print value of Year, Month & date which is stored in local variables
WRITE:/ 'Year  : ', l_year.
WRITE:/ 'Month : ', l_month.
WRITE:/ 'Day   : ', l_day.

======================

Hope post explained the OFFSET concept which we generally use in SAP ABAP.

Will share more useful articles soon.

Thanks & Regards,

Venugopal M N

SAP BI-ABAP Consultant 

ABAP Program to Convert Value Stored In a Variable to UPPER/LOWER Case

In general, most of the time in SAP, we may need to convert the value of the String or Character field (say name, city, etc..) to UPPER case of to LOWER case.

We can achieve the functionality using the simple ABAP syntax provided by SAP.

Syntax:

Assuming the P_STR is a variable which is of type STRING or CHAR (C).

To Convert to UPPER case:

To convert value stored in the P_STR to UPPER case, we can use the below syntax.

TRANSLATE p_str TO UPPER CASE.

To Convert to LOWER case:

To convert value stored in the P_STR to LOWER case, we can use the below syntax.

TRANSLATE p_str TO UPPER CASE.

Program:

REPORT  ZVTEST_PGM_1.

*--Parameter for User Input
PARAMETERS: p_str TYPE string.

*--Convert to Upper Case
TRANSLATE p_str TO UPPER CASE.
*--Print Value in Output
WRITE:/ 'Upper Case Value : ', p_str.

*--Convert to Lower Case
TRANSLATE p_str TO LOWER CASE.
*--Print Value in Output
WRITE:/ 'Lower Case Value : ', p_str.

================================

Save & Activate.

Enter the input string ("VENUgopal NanjaPPA") & execute (F8).

Below is the converted output.

Thanks & Regards,
Venugopal M Nanjappa

How to Display Traffic Lights in Report Output : SAP ABAP

Sometime there will a requirements to display the Traffic Light Signal icons in report output.

In this post, we will see how to display the Traffic Lights Signal icons in report output.

Setp-1: Create a report program form SE38 transaction and paste the below code.

REPORT ZVENU_TRAFFIC_SIGNALS.

*--Declaration of variables
DATA: L_GREEN(4)  TYPE C VALUE '@08@',
      L_YELLOW(4) TYPE C VALUE '@09@',
      L_RED(4)    TYPE C VALUE '@0A@'.

*--Printing the GREEN Traffic light
WRITE: / L_GREEN , 'Green Signal'.

*--Printing the GREEN Traffic light
WRITE: / L_YELLOW , 'Yellow Signal'.

*--Printing the GREEN Traffic light
WRITE: / L_RED , 'Red Signal'.

Step-2: Save and Activate.

Step-3: Execute the report. Now you will be able to see the traffic lights in output, which is as soon below.

Important Notes:

• Every ICONs in SAP has its own two digit code associated with it. 
• To display the ICON in Report/ALV output we need to pass the the icon code between to @@ symbols. i.e @XX@.

Regards,

Venugopal M N

Step by Step Procedure to add Button in Application Toolbar in ALV Output: SAP ABAP

Problem Statement: 

In some situation, there will be a requirement to add custom button in application tool bar of ALV output. In this tutorial we will see the step by step procedure to add new button to application tool bar.

Step-1: Create the report ‘ZAPP_BUTTTON_RPT’ from SE38 transaction and copy paste the below code.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZAPP_BUTTTON_RPT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT zapp_buttton_rpt.

TYPE-POOLS: slis.  " SLIS contains all the ALV data types

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Data Declaration
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
DATA: t_sbook      TYPE TABLE OF sbook.
DATA: t_fieldcat   TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
      x_fieldcat  TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& START-OF-SELECTION
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
START-OF-SELECTION.

*--Fetch the required data from databaase table
  SELECT * FROM sbook INTO TABLE t_sbook.

*--Build field catalog
  x_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'CARRID'.    " Fieldname in the data table
  x_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Airline Name'." Column description
  APPEND x_fieldcat TO t_fieldcat.
  CLEAR x_fieldcat.

  x_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'CONNID'.
  x_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Con. No.'.
  APPEND x_fieldcat TO t_fieldcat.
  CLEAR x_fieldcat.

*--Call FM to disaplay data in ALV GRID format
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
*     i_callback_program       = 
*     i_callback_pf_status_set = ''
*     i_callback_user_command  = ''
      it_fieldcat              = t_fieldcat
    TABLES
      t_outtab                 = t_sbook
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error            = 1
      OTHERS                   = 2.
  IF sy-subrc NE 0.
    MESSAGE 'Error in displaying output.' TYPE 'E'.
  ENDIF.

Step-2: Save, Activate and Execute the above program. Output of the program looks like as follows.

Step-3: Now go to SE90 transaction.

Expand the Objects from the left 'Repository Information System' section as follows.

i.e. Repository Information System >> Program Library >> Program Subobjects >> GUI Status

Double click on GUI Status, and enter Program Name as 'SAPLKKBL' and Extcute.

The screen looks as follows.

Upon executing, we will see the list of available GUI Status

Step-3: 

Select the CHECKBOX corresponds to STANDARD.

From Menu, go to GUI Status >> Copy (Click On COPY)

Step-4: Popup window appears, fill the details as follows and click on 'COPY'.

Step-5: Below window will appears, click on 'COPY'. 

Step-6: Now the GUI status is copied to your program. This can be seen as below.

Step-7: Double click on the 'ZSTANDARD' GUI Status. It will take you to below screen.

Step-8: Enter the function code as '&BUT' as shown above and double click on the same to proceed further. 

Upon double clicking following screen appears, select 'Static Text' Radio Button and press OK.

Step-9: Below screen appears, enter Function text, Icon Name and Information Text as show below and press OK.

As you can see in the above figure, we have selected "Folder Icon". You select the icon of your interest by F4 help on Icon name field.

Step-9: Assign Function to function key. In our example we have selected "Shift-F1", then press OK.

Step-10: Below screen appears, now validate the data entered and press OK.

Step-11: Upon pressing OK it will take you to below screen.

Save the changes to GUI status and Activate.

Step-12: Now go back to your program. Copy and Paste the below code. SAVE and ACTIVATE the program.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZAPP_BUTTTON_RPT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT zapp_buttton_rpt.

TYPE-POOLS: slis.  " SLIS contains all the ALV data types

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Data Declaration
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
DATA: t_sbook      TYPE TABLE OF sbook.
DATA: t_fieldcat   TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
      x_fieldcat  TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& START-OF-SELECTION
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
START-OF-SELECTION.

*--Fetch the required data from databaase table
  SELECT * FROM sbook INTO TABLE t_sbook.

*--Build field catalog
  x_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'CARRID'.    " Fieldname in the data table
  x_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Airline Name'." Column description
  APPEND x_fieldcat TO t_fieldcat.
  CLEAR x_fieldcat.

  x_fieldcat-fieldname  = 'CONNID'.
  x_fieldcat-seltext_m  = 'Con. No.'.
  APPEND x_fieldcat TO t_fieldcat.
  CLEAR x_fieldcat.

  DATA: l_repid TYPE sy-repid.
  l_repid = sy-repid.

*--Call FM to disaplay data in ALV GRID format
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program       = l_repid
      i_callback_pf_status_set = 'SUB_PF_STATUS'
      i_callback_user_command  = 'USER_COMMAND'
      it_fieldcat              = t_fieldcat
    TABLES
      t_outtab                 = t_sbook
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error            = 1
      OTHERS                   = 2.
  IF sy-subrc NE 0.
    MESSAGE 'Error in displaying output.' TYPE 'E'.
  ENDIF.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  sub_pf_status
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  Sub-Routine to Set the PF status
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM sub_pf_status USING rt_extab TYPE slis_t_extab..
  SET PF-STATUS 'ZSTANDARD'.
ENDFORM.                    "sub_pf_status

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  user_command
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*   Sub-Routine to handle the click on the ALV aoutput
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM user_command USING r_ ucomm    LIKE sy-ucomm
                       rs_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.

  IF r_ucomm EQ '&BUT'.
    MESSAGE 'Custom button is clicked.' TYPE 'S'.
  ENDIF.

ENDFORM.  "User_command

Step-13: Execute(F8) the program. Now we can see the newly added BUTTON in application toolbar.

Click on the button to see the success message written in the code.

Conclusion:

Thus we have learnt the procedure to add the Button in Application Toolbar in ALV Output.

Regards,

Venugopal M N

Features of the ABAP Program & ABAP Editor

Following are the some of the features of ABAP programming.

• Syntax of the ABAP is similar to COBOL
• ABAPStatements and keywords are case insensitive
• Custom ABAP programs must start with  “Y” or “Z” and can be up to 30 characters in length
• ABAP is case sensitive during the comparison
• Every ABAP statement / expression  must end with a period (Full Stop)
• Tokens within a statement must be separated by at least one space

Following are the some of the features of SAP ABAP Editor.

• The editor is similar to notepad
• Use CTRL+C to copy the selected portion of the source code
• Use CTRL+V to paste the selected portion of the source code
• Use CTRL+X to cut the selected portion of the source code
• Use CTRL+S key to save the program in the ABAP editor
• USE CTRL+F1 to transform from CHANGE/DISPLAY mode
• USE CTRL+F2 for syntax check
• USE CTRL+F3 for activating the program
• Use CTRL+< to comment the ABAP statement
• Use CTRL+> to uncomment ABAP statement

CLIENT in SAP

• CLIENT is the topmost hierarchy in SAP database
• Client dependent tables will have field of data type MANDT
• Each function module in SAP is assigned to aclient
• The object developed by the developer is stored in a package and request number and finally saved under a client number assigned  for particular module

CLIENT / Server Concept

SAP follows client server architecture. 

Client requests for some information from the server by passing some data. Server serves/ sends the information requested from the client. This network topology is called client / server architecture.